Garuda pilot convicted and sentenced for 2007 Yogyakarta crash

An Indonesian court has found Marwoto Komar guilty of negligence in the 2007 crash of a Garuda Indonesia Boeing 737-400 passenger aircraft at Yogyakarta, Indonesia.  He has been  sentenced to two years in jail.

Mr. Komar was the pilot in command of the accident aircraft.  On March 7, 2007, the plane was arriving at Yogyakarta after a scheduled flight from Jakarta  when it overran the runway upon landing, broke through a fence, crossed a road, and came to rest in a rice paddy where it burned. Among the seven crew members and 133 passengers who were on board, one flight attendant and 20 passengers died, and dozens were injured.

In October of 2007, Indonesia's National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC) released a report on its investigation of the Yogyakarta accident. The NTSC's main finding was that "...the flight crew’s compliance with procedures was not at a level to ensure the safe operation of the aircraft." The report said that "the aircraft was flown at an excessive airspeed and steep flight path angle during the approach and landing, resulting in an unstabilized approach."

The NTSC report also said that Komar "did not follow company procedures that required him to fly a stabilized approach, and he did not abort the landing and go around when the approach was not stabilized," and that he disregarded Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) alerts, and calls from the first officer to go around.

Despite protests by the Federation of Indonesian Pilots (FPI), the International Federation of Air Line Pilots' Associations (IFALPA) and others in the international aviation community, criminal charges were brought against Komar. His trial got underway in July of 2008, making Komar the first pilot to face criminal charges arising from an aircraft accident in Indonesia. He was charged with three counts of negligence and one count of deliberately destroying or damaging an aircraft, and causing death.

An article about the verdict in the Canberra Times reports:

In a majority verdict, the Sleman District Court found Komar could have taken steps to avert the disaster.

"In the landing stages the defendant was not careful, and should have coordinated better with his co-pilot," one of the five judges said.

Komar, wearing his pilot's uniform despite being stripped of his licence, immediately declared he could not accept the verdict and intended to launch an appeal.

The court did not order Komar into immediate detention, meaning he will not go to jail until a higher court orders it.

Aircrew Buzz has been following the developments surrounding this accident and the ensuing prosecution of Marwoto Komar since the outset. Here is a review of articles describing the progression of events:

• Garuda Indonesia B737 accident in Yogyakarta - Mar. 6, 2007
• Update on Garuda Indonesia accident - Mar. 7, 2007
• FDR and CVR from Garuda Indonesia crash sent to Australia - Mar. 8, 2007
• Accident investigation report: Garuda B737 crash at Yogyakarta - Oct. 22, 2007
• Garuda captain arrested, charged with manslaughter - Feb. 8, 2008
• Garuda pilot goes on trial for 2007 crash at Yogyakarta - July 24, 2008

...or click here to view all posts about Garuda Flt 200 on Aircrew Buzz.

Garuda pilot goes on trial for 2007 crash at Yogyakarta

The trial of Marwoto Komar began today in Indonesia. The former Garuda Indonesia captain is being tried as a criminal for allegedly causing a plane crash in which 21 people died. He could be sentenced to life in prison if he is convicted. The trial is expected to run for several months.

Marwoto Komar is believed to be first pilot to face criminal charges arising from an aircraft accident in Indonesia. He is charged with three counts of negligence and one count of deliberately destroying or damaging an aircraft, and causing death.

The Reuters news agency reported that in the course of the first day of the trial's proceedings in Sleman, on the island of Java, Prosecutor Mudim Aristo told a five-judge panel, "The defendant deliberately and against the law caused an accident, destroyed and damaged a plane which led to deaths."

Marwoto Komar has reportedly refused to accept the charges. His defense attorney, Muhammad Assegaf, maintains that Komar should not be tried under the Indonesian Criminal Code. Instead he should be subject to discipline under aviation laws. Many in the worldwide aviation community support this view, and are in fact appalled that criminal proceedings are being pursued in this case.

Background

Marwoto Komar was the pilot in command of Garuda Indonesia Flight GA200, a Boeing 737-400 that overran a runway at Yogyakarta, Indonesia in 2007, and burst into flames, killing 21 of the people on board. An investigation of the accident by Indonesia's National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC) concluded, in essence, that the crash occurred due to pilot error. (See the NTSC's English Language Media Release about the GA 200 accident investigation for descriptive details.)

In February of this year, Marwoto Komar was arrested and charged with manslaughter. At that time, the Federation of Indonesian Pilots (FPI) immediately protested the arrest, and the International Federation of Air Line Pilots' Associations (IFALPA), an advocacy group representing more than 100,000 pilots in more than 95 countries worldwide, issued a statement in which they expressed concern about the criminalization of individuals involved in aviation accidents and incidents. Both the FPI and IFALPA contend that the criminal prosecution of Marwoto Komar and other pilots in such circumstances does little to promote air safety, and instead "may well foreclose further investigation for safety purposes."

Citing Attachment E of ICAO Annex 13, IFALPA "strongly insisted" that the principles "which hold that there should be no criminal liability without intent to do harm, be the standard to which the crew is held." This point of view is widely shared within the aviation community.

Criminalization of Accidents

The criminal proceedings against Marwoto Komar set a dangerous precedent. Clearly, if pilots believe they will face criminal prosecution over an accident, why would they ever cooperate with an investigation of the accident? The purpose of such trials as the present one seems to be to assign blame and exact punishment, a strategy which, at the end of the day, is seen as counterproductive to aviation safety.

Earlier this year, the Flight Safety Foundation (FSF) sponsored a panel discussion about criminal prosecutions in the wake of aircraft accidents at the European Aviation Safety Seminar in Bucharest, Romania. A press release announcing the event included the following statement:

"We are very concerned about recent attempts by prosecutors to turn accidents into crime scenes and to prosecute aviation professionals based on tragic mistakes, often using information and data that are provided voluntarily to improve aviation safety," said FSF President and CEO William R. Voss. "The safety of the traveling public depends on encouraging a climate of openness and cooperation following accidents. Overzealous prosecutions threaten to dry up vital sources of information and jeopardize safety."

Aircrew Buzz will continue to report new developments in this case as they occur.

RELATED: Click here to view all posts about Garuda Flt 200 on Aircrew Buzz.

[Photo Source]

Garuda captain arrested, charged with manslaughter

Captain Marwoto Komar, the pilot in command (PIC) of a Garuda Indonesia Boeing 737-400 that crashed at Yogyakarta in March of 2007 has been arrested and charged with manslaughter. The accident occurred as Garuda Flight GA 200, with seven crew members and 133 passengers on board, arrived at Yogyakarta on a scheduled flight from Jakarta. Twenty-one people lost their lives after the aircraft overran the runway at Yogyakarta, broke through a fence, crossed a road, and came to rest in a rice paddy where it caught fire.

In October of 2007, Indonesia's National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC) issued a report on the accident, as well as an English-language media release about their findings. The media release stated that the NTSC's main finding was that "...the flight crew’s compliance with procedures was not at a level to ensure the safe operation of the aircraft."

More specifically, the NTSC media release said this of Capt. Marwoto Komar:

The aircraft was flown at an excessive airspeed and steep flight path angle during the approach and landing, resulting in an unstabilized approach. The PIC did not follow company procedures that required him to fly a stabilized approach, and he did not abort the landing and go around when the approach was not stabilized. His attention was fixated or channelized on landing the aircraft on the runway and he either did not hear, or disregarded the [Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS)] alerts and warnings and calls from the copilot to go around.

Many in the international aviation community have expressed concern that the NTSC investigation fell short by not investigating more fully the reasons behind the actions of the captain, as well as his co-pilot, Gagam Jahman Rochman. The latter was accused of not following company procedures to "take control of the aircraft from the PIC when he saw that the pilot in command repeatedly ignored the GPWS alerts and warnings."

Upon hearing of Marwoto Komar's arrest, the Federation of Indonesian Pilots (FPI) staged a protest rally at the House of Representatives in Jakarta. The pilots, led by FPI president Manotar Napitupulu, told members of the House Commission in charge of transportation that this "criminalization of a pilot" could eventually affect flight safety. Their view is shared by many others.

The International Federation of Air Line Pilots' Associations (IFALPA), an advocacy group representing more than 100,000 pilots in more than 95 countries worldwide, issued a statement expressing concern over the arrest of Marwoto Komar, citing concerns that echo those of the FPI. Here is an excerpt from the IFALPA statement:

IFALPA believes that the circumstances of the accident as set forth in the final report of the Indonesian investigation authority leaves many serious questions concerning the crew actions prior to the accident. Central to these concerns are the underlying reasons for the reported behavior of Captain Marwoto Komar. Experienced pilots have considerable difficulty in attempting to explain what is reported in the context of normal airline operations.

The Federation believes that the explanations proffered by the report do not square with the collective experience of our members. The Federation has continually maintained that the report, while final, is in fact incomplete and that additional investigation into the underlying pathology of the crew actions is required to make certain that the factors contributing to the observed actions are fully identified. Unless this is done, there is little possibility that aviation safety in the area of
crew performance can be improved by the lessons of this accident. Clearly, a criminal prosecution at this time may well foreclose further investigation for safety purposes.

IFALPA is firmly of the belief that the criminalisation of individuals involved in accidents and incidents does little to improve air safety. Furthermore, IFALPA strongly insists that the principles recommended in Attachment E of ICAO Annex 13, which hold that there should be no criminal liability without intent to do harm, be the standard to which the crew is held. The Federation demands that any Indonesian criminal proceeding respect both these principles and the concept of due process.

The Federation expects that Captain Marwoto Komar will be released without the need to post a monetary bond as he has agreed to fully cooperate with the police investigation and clearly poses no danger to society. He remains a professional
who was involved in an unfortunate tragedy.

IFALPA will continue to closely monitor the criminal proceedings with the aim of ensuring that the judicial process in Indonesia is fundamentally fair and impartial for all crewmembers.

An article on the Australian news website News.co.au reports that Marwoto Komar's attorneys had requested that he be released from detention on bail, but that the request had been denied. The article quoted the Yogyakarta Police Chief, who said, "The letter from the suspect's lawyers has been accepted, but bail is not granted yet because we still need him for the investigation."

Aircrew Buzz will continue to follow this story, and details of new developments will be posted here as they become available.

Related: Click here to view all posts on Aircrew Buzz about Garuda Flt 200.

Accident investigation report: Garuda Boeing 737 crash at Yogyakarta

Indonesia's National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC) has completed its investigation of the Garuda Indonesia accident at Yogyakarta (JOG) and has issued its report. The accident occurred on March 7, 2007 as Garuda Flight GA 200, a Boeing 737-400 aircraft, arrived at Yogyakarta on a scheduled flight from Jakarta. Garuda Flight GA 200 overran the runway at JOG, broke through a fence, crossed a road, and came to rest in a rice paddy. The aircraft was destroyed by fire after the crash. Among the seven crew members and 133 passengers who were on board, one flight attendant and 20 passengers died. One flight attendant and 11 passengers were seriously injured.

The NTSC's main finding, stated in a media release issued today, was that "...the flight crew’s compliance with procedures was not at a level to ensure the safe operation of the aircraft." More specifically, the reports says this about the actions of the pilot in command (PIC):

The aircraft was flown at an excessive airspeed and steep flight path angle during the approach and landing, resulting in an unstabilized approach. The PIC did not follow company procedures that required him to fly a stabilized approach, and he did not abort the landing and go around when the approach was not stabilized. His attention was fixated or channelized on landing the aircraft on the runway and he either did not hear, or disregarded the [Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS)] alerts and warnings and calls from the copilot to go around.

And says this about the co-pilot:

The copilot did not follow company procedures and take control of the aircraft from the PIC when he saw that the pilot in command repeatedly ignored the GPWS alerts and warnings. The Garuda
Simulator Pilot – Proficiency Check records showed no evidence of training or proficiency checks in the vital actions and responses to be taken in the event of GPWS or EGPWS alerts and warnings, such as ‘TOO LOW TERRAIN’ and ‘WHOOP, WHOOP, PULL UP’.

Note: See the NTSC's English Language Media Release about the GA 200 accident investigation for descriptive details about the approach and landing.

The NTSC accident report also faulted Garuda International for insufficient training of the pilots, and criticized the Ministry of Transportation's Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) for ineffective surveillance of Garuda, which might have identified safety deficiencies. The report noted as well that "Yogyakarta Airport’s rescue and fire fighting services vehicles were unable to reach the accident site and some did not have appropriate fire suppressant. The delay in extinguishing the fire, and the lack of appropriate fire suppressant agents, may have significantly reduced survivability."

The NTSC report includes a number of safety-related recommendations to Indonesia's DGCA, airlines, and airports. The recommendations address "flying operations procedures, training and checking, safety and regulatory oversight and surveillance, serviceability of flight recorders, and airport emergency planning and equipment."

Related: Click here to view all posts on this blog about Garuda Flt 200.

All Indonesian airlines banned by EU

All 51 airlines registered in Indonesia -- including national flag carrier Garuda -- have been banned by the European Union (EU) from its airspace due to safety concerns. The ban, which was announced late last week, will go into effect on July 6, 2007.

A Reuters article about the EU ban quotes Nadjib Riphat Kesoema, Indonesian ambassador to the EU, who said Indonesian airlines were safe and he hoped the EU would rethink its decision at a meeting of air safety experts in October.

"It is our commitment and our determination to have safety in our civil aviation," he told Reuters. "We hope that the European Union can also give us the opportunity to improve."

But the EU official said Indonesian authorities initially ignored warnings of the ban and came to Brussels too late to avert it. "When they finally showed up, they even could not tell us how many planes their carriers operate."

Since no Indonesian carriers fly to Europe at present, so some may think that the newly announced ban has no meaning. Think again. Reuters points out some practical implications of the ban for European travelers:

Tourist agencies across the 27-nation EU will be obliged to inform customers that Indonesian airlines are on the blacklist if they continue to sell package tours involving their services on the Indonesian archipelago of over 17,000 islands.

Travelers who have already bought holidays involving the use of Indonesian carriers will be able to give them up and claim reimbursement, or expect travel agents to offer them an alternative, safe airline.

For its part, Indonesia has just signed an agreement with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), under which "Indonesia pledged to enact laws to support effective safety oversight, to ensure the required level of financial and human resources, and to correct shortcomings identified during internal and external audits," according to a Reuters article published today on Airwise.com.

"Indonesia must act quickly and decisively to regain the confidence of the world aviation community and the traveling public," ICAO president Roberto Kobeh Gonzales told the conference on the resort island.

Gonzales said part of the problem stemmed from recent exponential growth of airlines and passengers in Indonesia.

"This has exerted tremendous financial, technical, legal and political pressure on your ability to keep pace with the demands of a rapidly expanding market," he said.

Transport safety in Indonesia has been in the spotlight this year, after a series of accidents -- most notably the loss of an Adam Air flight on New Year's Day, and the crash of a Garuda flight at Yogyakarta -- exposed systematic shortcomings in aviation safety practices.

Several months ago, The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) issued a strongly worded statement regarding what the FAA saw as Indonesia's non-compliance with established air safety standards.

FAA: Indonesia not in compliance with safety standards

Yesterday the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) announced that "Indonesia does not comply with international safety standards set by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), following a consultation with the Indonesian civil aviation authority on March 6, 2007." This strongly worded statement came in a press release, which is now posted on the FAA website.

Through its International Aviation Safety Assessments (IASA) program, the FAA rates countries -- not individual carriers -- for compliance with international safety standards and practices for aircraft operations and maintenance, as established by the ICAO. The IASA program defines just two categories: Category 1, in compliance; and Category 2, not in compliance. The FAA has lowered Indonesia's rating from Category 1 to Category2.

In applying a Category 2 rating to a country, the FAA states that the country's civil aviation authority (CAA) has one or more of the following deficiencies:

• the country lacks laws or regulations necessary to support the certification and oversight of air carriers in accordance with minimum international standards
• the CAA lacks the technical expertise, resources, and organization to license or oversee air carrier operations
• the CAA does not have adequately trained and qualified technical personnel
• the CAA does not provide adequate inspector guidance to ensure enforcement of, and compliance with, minimum international standards

AND:

• the CAA has insufficient documentation and records of certification and inadequate continuing oversight and surveillance of air carrier operations

In the present case, the FAA says the agency will remain engaged with Indonesia's civil aviation authority "and will periodically review the situation with the intention of encouraging improvements that will qualify Indonesia for a Category 1 rating."

One immediate result of this concern is reflected in the final paragraph of an article published today on the Voice of America website, which says that, "the U.S. embassy in Jakarta on Tuesday warned its citizens not to fly on Indonesian airlines, saying that recent air disasters raise questions about the safety practices of Indonesia air carriers."

Attention has been focused on air safety issues in Indonesia following a series of accidents and safety incidents involving aircraft operated by the country's national flag carrier Garuda, and privately owned Adam Air.

FDR and CVR from Garuda Indonesia crash sent to Australia

Australia's ABC News Online is reporting that both the flight data recorder and the cockpit voice recorder from the Garuda Indonesia B737 that crashed at Yogyakarta have been recovered. The devices have been sent to the Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB) head offices in Canberra.

The boxes, a cockpit voice recorder and the flight data recorder, will help investigators piece together the events leading up to the crash that killed more than 20 people.

Once the recorders are inspected, investigators will be able to determine if any flight data can be retrieved.

The pilots of the Garuda flight have blamed a sudden strong wind gust for the crash at Yogyakarta airport.

But Indonesia's national police spokesman has cited human error as the best initial assessment.

Commenting on accounts by eyewitnesses and survivors regarding the cause of the accident, Australian Federal Police Commissioner Mick Keelty said that "speculation doesn't help..."

ATSB spokesman Joe Hattley says it could take months for a full analysis of the flight recorders.

"The guys will be working over the weekend to download these particular recorders," he said.

"Then we hope to get some preliminary information back to the investigation team probably early on next week.

"The analysis of that information will then take a lot longer and you're talking months."

An earlier article, also on ABC News Online, said that the two pilots had been interviewed by Indonesian authorities about the accident, and that they claimed that wind caused the plane to hit the runway hard before it exploded.

Update on Garuda Indonesia accident at Yogyakarta

The U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is sending a team to Indonesia to assist with the investigation into the cause of the crash of a Boeing 737-400 operated by Garuda Indonesia. In addition to NTSB personnel, the American team will include representatives from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the Boeing Company.

Garuda Flight 200 overran the runway at Yogyakarta after arriving from Jakarta. It reportedly broke through a fence, crossed a road, and came to rest in a rice paddy. The aircraft was destroyed by fire after the crash.

While there have been conflicting reports in the various media about exactly how many survived the crash and how many were lost, an NTSB press release that I received via email now puts the number at 21 fatalities and 50 serious injuries. Among those injuries were burns and broken bones, according to reports published in various news outlets.

Here is some of what a report on CBS News says:

Alessandro Bertellotti, a journalist with Italian broadcaster Rai, said the plane was going at a "crazy speed" as it approached Yogyakarta airport after a 50-minute flight from the capital, Jakarta.

"It was going into a dive and I was certain we would crash on the ground," he told the Italian news agency ANSA. "I was sitting behind the wing. I saw that the pilot was trying to stop it, but it was too fast. It literally bounced on the strip."
...

Wayan Sukarda, an Indonesian cameraman for Australia's Seven Network, managed to scramble off the plane, then shot dramatic video of dazed passengers fleeing as smoke poured from the fuselage. An explosion and fireball then ripped through the air, apparently as the fire reached a fuel tank, the footage showed.

Sukarda had called the network as the plane was crashing, a colleague told The West Australian newspaper. "He was screaming, 'The plane's crashing.' I thought he must have seen another plane crash. I didn't know it was the one he was on. You could hear all the alarms and sirens going off, people screaming," said Channel Seven's Danny Sim.

The video shot on the scene by Sukarda has been posted on the CBS News website. Here's the link to the video. (Be patient -- you have to sit through a commercial message before the accident footage appears!)

BBC News has a collection of still photos of the crash site on its website.

The crash is big news in Australia since there were a number of Australians aboard the flight, some of whom are believed to be among the fatalities. At least two Australians were severely injured and have been evacuated from Indonesia, according to a story on Australia's ABC News Online.

Almost every news outlet that I've seen has published comments and speculation about the cause of the crash, made by surviving passengers or observers in Yogyakarta. Most seemed to say that the aircraft "shook" or "shuddered" just before it landed, and that it bounced after it touched down. Eyewitnesses and passengers also claimed that it was "coming in too fast."

A gentleman by the name of Robert Heath, identified variously as an 'aviation expert' or a 'crisis management expert,' is being quoted widely about the accident by the Australian media. Apparently he also believes that excessive speed on landing may have figured into the accident.

University of South Australia associate professor Robert Heath said the Garuda flight appeared to land intact and said the fire that then engulfed it may have been caused by an engine break-up or a puncture to a fuel tank.

"From what I can see so far the aircraft appeared to land intact and that may point to excess speed being a factor," Professor Heath said.

"The fire may have been caused by the nose wheel hitting things as it ran off the runway or engine destruction.

"It was probable that a fuel tank was punctured on impact."[news.com.au]

That same article also said that Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono has ordered that the accident investigation include "the possibility of 'nontechnical' causes - an apparent reference to sabotage."

Here is more commentary from Professor Heath:

"The key questions here are how soon did the aircraft catch fire and how soon were rescuers able to get there," he said.

"The fact that the structure was intact also meant the only escape routes were through the doors rather than other holes in the structure.

"This means less chance for people to escape the toxic fumes and lack of oxygen, which are the main reasons most people die rather than being killed by the flames themselves."

Prof Heath said it did not appear that weather conditions were a factor in the crash but it shouldn't be assumed it was caused by pilot error.

"There are a number of other factors such as runway conditions, weight of the aircraft, tyre burst or jamming of controls for some reason that would also have to be considered," he said.[The Australian]

What about the condition of the runway? I have heard privately from pilots who say that the runway at Yogyakarta is quite bumpy, and that its condition may have deteriorated further due to recent earthquakes in the area.

Australian media are reporting that investigators at the crash scene have recovered "the black box" from the aircraft wreckage. They don't specify whether that is a Flight Data Recorder or a Cockpit Voice Recorder, but in any case let's hope that some useful information can be retrieved from the device.

Garuda Indonesia B737 accident in Yogyakarta

A Boeing B737-400 aircraft operated by Garuda Indonesia, overran a runway and burst into flames after landing at Yogyakarta. The plane, which had just arrived on a scheduled flight from Jakarta, was said to be carrying 133 passengers and 7 crew. Reuters says that 49 people were killed.

BBC News is reporting that at least 93 have been accounted for. The BBC article also says that the plane was carrying Indonesian public figures and Australian government officials and journalists on their way to a meeting with the Australian foreign minister who is visiting Indonesia this week. Up to 10 Australians were aboard, "and not all of those have been accounted for."

More from the BBC:

The operations chief at Yogyakarta airport said the front wheel of the plane was on fire as it landed, causing it to veer off the runway and hit a boundary fence.

He said an engine had then broken away from the plane and the fuselage burst into flames. The aircraft came to rest in the middle of paddy field.

CNN reports that a survivor described seeing flames outside the plane's window after it hit the ground and stopped suddenly:

"Things started to fall down [from the overhead bins] ... the smoke started to get in the plane. People were really panicked," Ruth Bamggadan told CNN.

But the emergency door opened, and "quite a lot of people were able to get out of the plane," she said, calling the evacuation fairly orderly with passengers helping elderly women.

People sitting in the front of the plane were the last to get out, Bamggadan said, adding, "I think the emergency door was in the middle."

The CNN article has photos of the burned aircraft and a link to video footage of the accident site.

UPDATE: An Indonesian blogger, N. Firstavina, has posted the names of the crew who were aboard the Garuda Indonesia flight that crashed in Yogyakarta. She says:

The crews (based on Garuda's official) are Capt Marwoto Komar (Pilot) and Capt Gagam Syuman Rohmana (Co-pilot), Wiranto Wuryono (navigator?), Irawati (Senior Cabin Crew), Maryati (Senior Cabin Crew), Imam Arif Iskandar (Senior Cabin Crew), and Ratna Budiyanti (Junior Cabin Crew). It was not known how many crew survived the crash, but there are two bodies found in the pilot and co pilot seat, died with severe injury on their abdomen, they were suspected to have already died few moments after the plane hit the land.

Click here to read the rest of the post about the accident on her blog, called Live and Learn.